Automotive Innovation ›› 2019, Vol. 2 ›› Issue (2): 93-101.doi: 10.1007/s42154-019-00060-6

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Experimental and Numerical Study of Cervical Muscle Contraction in Frontal Impact

  

  1. Authors: Zhenhai Gao1, Zhao Li 1,2, Hongyu Hu1,  Fei Gao1,3 1. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun, China
    2. School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
    3. College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering,Jilin University, Changchun China
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-04 接受日期:2019-04-19 出版日期:2019-06-28 发布日期:2019-06-28

Experimental and Numerical Study of Cervical Muscle Contraction in Frontal Impact

  1. Authors: Zhenhai Gao1, Zhao Li 1,2, Hongyu Hu1,  Fei Gao1,3  1. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun, China
    2. School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
    3. College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering,Jilin University, Changchun China
    2. School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
    3. College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering,Jilin University, Changchun China
  • Received:2019-03-04 Accepted:2019-04-19 Online:2019-06-28 Published:2019-06-28

摘要: In a crash situation, drivers typically make evasive maneuvers before an upcoming impact, which can affect the kinematics and injury during impact. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the response and effect of drivers’ cervical muscles in a frontal impact. A crash scenario was developed using a vehicle driving simulator, and 10 volunteers were employed to drive the simulator at 20 km/h, 50 km/h, 80 km/h and 100 km/h. Electromyography (EMG) was recorded from the sternocleidomastoideus (SCM), splenius cervicis (SPL) and trapezium (TRP) muscles using a data acquisition system, and the level of muscle activation was calculated. A numerical study was conducted using data collected in the experiment. The results revealed that the cervical muscles were activated during drivers’ protective action. EMG activity of cervical muscles before impact was greater than that during normal driving. EMG activity increased with driving speed, with the SCM and TRP exhibiting larger increases than the SPL. The kinematics and load of the driver were influenced by muscle activation. Before the collision, the head of an active model stretched backward, while the passive model kept the head upright. In low-speed impact, the torque and shear of the cervical muscle in the active model were much lower than those in the passive model, while the tension of the cervical muscle was higher in the active model compared with the passive model. The results indicated that the incidence of cervical injury in high-speed impact is complex.

Abstract:

In a crash situation, drivers typically make evasive maneuvers before an upcoming impact, which can affect the kinematics and injury during impact. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the response and effect of drivers’ cervical muscles in a frontal impact. A crash scenario was developed using a vehicle driving simulator, and 10 volunteers were employed to drive the simulator at 20 km/h, 50 km/h, 80 km/h and 100 km/h. Electromyography (EMG) was recorded from the sternocleidomastoideus (SCM), splenius cervicis (SPL) and trapezium (TRP) muscles using a data acquisition system, and the level of muscle activation was calculated. A numerical study was conducted using data collected in the experiment. The results revealed that the cervical muscles were activated during drivers’ protective action. EMG activity of cervical muscles before impact was greater than that during normal driving. EMG activity increased with driving speed, with the SCM and TRP exhibiting larger increases than the SPL. The kinematics and load of the driver were influenced by muscle activation. Before the collision, the head of an active model stretched backward, while the passive model kept the head upright. In low-speed impact, the torque and shear of the cervical muscle in the active model were much lower than those in the passive model, while the tension of the cervical muscle was higher in the active model compared with the passive model. The results indicated that the incidence of cervical injury in high-speed impact is complex.