Automotive Innovation

基于驾驶员模型的独立驱动电动汽车转向失效容错控制

Shaobo Lu, Sheng Cen, Yanpeng Zhang

2018, 1(1): 85-94. doi:10.1007/s42154-018-0013-0

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在实验测试中评估道路交通危险意识信息的有效性

Ai Takeda, Makoto Kondo, Tetsushi Mimuro

2018, 1(1): 76-84. doi:10.1007/s42154-018-0011-2

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Advanced driver assistance systems, especially autonomous emergency braking and forward collision warnings, have become popular in Japan. To reduce the number of road traffic accidents, safety information should be provided to a driver earlier than avoidance or warning messages so as to avoid a risky situation. A series of actual running tests was conducted to evaluate the activation timing and effectiveness of awareness messages. Objective analysis showed that the drivers could avoid an obstacle with a sufficient safety margin thanks to any of the awareness messages. Subjective ratings showed that the best timing is 10s before encountering the obstacle. The results of objective analysis are limited in the present paper, and further analyses are required.

基于卷边性能的环境友好型铝合金汽车板

Hongzhou Lu, Junping Zhang, Ni Tian, Xinli Son, Mingtu Ma, Guimin Lu

2018, 1(1): 70-75. doi:10.1007/s42154-018-0012-1

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Unavoidably, Fe impurities are mixed into Al alloys during recycling of aluminum automotive parts. High Fe content recycle-friendly aluminum alloy sheets (RASs) are discussed in terms of their applications to car body parts and closures. RASs have advantages, such as their low cost and light weight, they require less energy to process and they reduce emissions when used in vehicles. The hemming ability of RASs was investigated through various quenching rates and hot rolling reduction rates. The hemming factor (HF) values of low Fe-content samples (0.1 and 0.3 wt% Fe content) were 2 and 3. The hemming ability of samples with an Fe content of 0.5 wt% was unacceptable for applications to automotive outer closures (i.e., HF values of 4 and 5). The HF values changed from 3 to 5 for even higher Fe content samples (0.8 wt% Fe), depending on the quenching and hot rolling reduction rates. Lower quenching (air quenching) and lower hot-rolling reduction rates (6-pass hot rolling) both improved the hemming ability of the high Fe content samples. A low cost and recycle-friendly aluminum alloy automotive sheet from end-of-life vehicles is presented and its hemming properties are characterized.

具有制动回收功能的服务型车辆附属设备驱动系统设计

Yanjun Huang, Milad Khazraee, Hong Wang, Soheil M. Fard, Tianjun Zhu, Amir Khajepour

2018, 1(1): 62-69. doi:10.1007/s42154-018-0008-x

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This paper presents a RAPS, namely the regenerative auxiliary power system, for the vehicle with special accessory power systems. Taking city buses and delivery trucks as examples, service vehicles keep engines idling to power their auxiliary devices (e.g., refrigeration systems and hydraulic pumps). The potential fuel savings brought on by the electrification of these auxiliary systems are first quantitatively analyzed over a typical drive cycle for a delivery truck. The RAPS is then designed, and its components are sized in accordance with the objectives of compactness and cost-effectiveness. By introducing the proposed RAPS into a conventional delivery truck with an internal combustion engine, the powertrain can be treated as a hybrid because of adding an extra battery. As a result, to pursue a high overall efficiency, a holistic controller is presented for determining how and when to recharge the battery while minimizing the auxiliary system’s power consumption. More importantly, the proposed RAPS saves about 7% fuel when compared with consumption by conventional service vehicles.

新型汽车尾气余热回收温差发电系统的性能分析

Huang Kuo, Yuying Yan, Bo Li, Yong Li, Kai Li, Jun Li

2018, 1(1): 54-61. doi:10.1007/s42154-018-0006-z

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With progressively stringent fuel consumption regulations, many researchers and engineers are focusing on the employment of waste heat recovery technologies for automotive applications. Regarded as a promising method of waste heat recovery, the thermoelectric generator (TEG) has been given increasing attention over the whole automotive industry for the last decade. In this study, we first give a brief review of improvements in thermoelectric materials and heat exchangers for TEG systems. We then present a novel design for a concentric cylindrical TEG system that addresses the existing weaknesses of the heat exchanger. In place of the typical square-shaped thermoelectric module, our proposed concentric cylindrical TEG system uses an annular thermoelectric module and employs the advantages of the heat pipe to enhance the heat transfer in the radial direction. The simulations we carried out to verify the performance of the proposed system showed better power output among the existing TEG system, and a comparison of water-inside and gas-inside arrangements showed that the water-inside concentric cylindrical TEG system produced a higher power output.

二氧化碳减排需求与未来高效零排放氩气循环发动机

Liguang Li, Yinchun Gong, Jun Deng, Xuehai Gong

2018, 1(1): 43-53. doi:10.1007/s42154-018-0007-y

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To meet the requirements of strict fuel consumption and emission limits, continuously increasing the thermal efficiency of an internal combustion engine and decreasing its exhaust emissions are the main challenges to its sustainable development within the automotive industry. Considering the competition with other zero-emission powertrain systems, such as vehicle batteries and fuel cells, the development of the internal combustion engine needs to focus on producing higher efficiency and zero emissions to meet the request of CO2 reduction. This paper introduces two novel concepts for an internal combustion engine featuring high efficiency and zero emissions. Referred to as the argon power cycle engine fueled with either hydrogen or natural gas within an oxygen–argon mixture, its fundamentals and characteristics are expounded. This includes a method necessary to absorb carbon dioxide when natural gas is used as fuel instead of hydrogen.

高效变速器及驱动系统方案

Ferit Küçükay, Andreas Lange, Lin Li

2018, 1(1): 35-42. doi:10.1007/s42154-018-0004-1

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胞元微拓扑结构对内凹四边形多胞材料面内冲击性能的影响

Fangwu Ma, Ying Zhao, Hongyu Liang, Jiawei Wang

2018, 1(1): 24-34. doi:10.1007/s42154-018-0005-0

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With the development of three-dimensional printing technologies, so-called cellular materials have achieved increasing attention due to outstanding properties. Unlike pure solid structures, properties of cellular materials are influenced by both utilized material and cell microtopology. The present paper proposes a novel type of re-entrant square cellular material. To explore the relationship between microtopology and macrodynamic responses systematically, an explicit dynamic finite element simulation method is used. This work starts by constructing theoretical models of relative density employing a two-dimensional unit cell. Then, the effects of geometric features and configurations on dynamic properties are explored, and simulations indicate that variations of geometric parameters strongly affect properties and that the staggered re-entrant squares are more stable than the regular re-entrant squares. Subsequently, the effects of the impact velocity on dynamic crushing behaviors are elaborated. On this basis, the relationship of unit mass energy absorption and geometric features is obtained by employing the response surface method. Furthermore, with targets of maximum unit mass energy absorption and minimum relative density, the optimal structural parameters are achieved by using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm. The study provides a detailed introduction to dynamic behaviors of cellular materials and guidance to design new structures with superior characteristics of energy absorption.

典型车企CAFC和NEV双积分法规达标策略分析

Yue Wang, Fuquan Zhao, Yinshuo Yuan, Han Hao, Zongwei Liu

2018, 1(1): 15-23. doi:10.1007/s42154-018-0010-3

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The parallel corporate average fuel consumption (CAFC) and new energy vehicle (NEV) credit schemes that have been introduced by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China is an innovative attempt to simultaneously regulate conventional gasoline vehicles (CGVs) and NEVs in the passenger vehicle sector that is expected to function as a long-term management mechanism for CGVs to be more energy-efficient and NEVs to be well-promoted. This will have a significant impact on trends in China’s automotive industry and automakers’ business decisions. Taking the cases of four typical automakers with different levels of average fuel economy in their CGVs and advanced NEV production, scenario analysis has been applied to generate these automakers’ alternatives in relation to compliance with the dual-credit regulations in force from 2017 to 2020 based on the Interim Measures on the Joint Management of CAFC and NEV Credits (Draft). These automakers’ alternative approaches to compliance are compared. Further, in view of the financial losses as a result of halted production if they fail to comply, the values of CAFC and NEV credits and corresponding influencing factors are analyzed from the automakers’ perspective. Finally, the most cost-effective compliance strategies for these automakers are summarized and suggested improvements in the regulations are proposed for the government.

车辆人工智能研究

Jun Li, Hong Cheng, Hongliang Guo, Shaobo Qiu

2018, 1(1): 2-14. doi:10.1007/s42154-018-0009-9

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With the ever-increasing demand in urban mobility and modern logistics sector, the vehicle population has been steadily growing over the past several decades. One natural consequence of the vehicle population growth is the increase in traffic congestion. Almost all (metropolitan) cities including the major ones, like Los Angeles, Beijing, New York, are suffering from heavy traffic congestion. Statistics show that, in 2015, 43 cities in China are suffering a prolonged travel time of more than 1.5 h every day during rush hours. In the meanwhile, traffic accidents are plaguing the economic development as well.